DVT study characteristics
| References . | No. of participants . | Mean age, y . | Females in study, % . | DVT extension . | Thrombolytic scheme . | Infusion type . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnesen et al40 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 21); UFH (n = 21) | 49.5 | 35.7 | Proximal DVT, defined as proximal extension beyond the calf veins | Streptokinase 7 450 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Common et al41 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 22); UFH (n = 26) | 50.2 | 33.3 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Streptokinase; treatment scheme not specified | Systemic |
| Elliot et al42 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 26); UFH (n = 25) | 49.5 | 33.3 | Proximal DVT, defined as extension beyond the axial veins of the calf or forearm | Streptokinase 7 800 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Elsharawy and Elzayat43 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 18); UFH (n = 17) | 46.5 | 69 | Proximal DVT, iliofemoral venous thrombosis documented with color duplex and/or ascending venography | Streptokinase 2 900 000 IU (bolus + 12- to 24-h infusion) | Directed |
| Enden et al44 | Thrombolytic plus LMWH (n = 93) (101 were originally allocated but only 93 received the intervention); LMWH (n = 108) | 55.5 | 54 | Proximal DVT, defined as thrombosis localized in the upper half of the thigh, the common iliac vein, or the combined iliofemoral segment | rt-PA 20 to 80 mg (bolus + 24- to 96-h infusion) | Directed |
| Goldhaber et al45 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 8); UFH (n = 9) | 68.5 | 64.7 | Proximal DVT, defined as thrombosis of the popliteal, femoral, or iliac veins with or without concomitant calf vein thrombosis; upper extremity DVT, defined as thrombosis of the brachial, axillary, subclavian, or internal jugular veins | Urokinase 1 500 000 IU (3 boluses + 25-min infusion) | Systemic |
| Goldhaber et al46 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 36); thrombolytic alone (n = 17); UFH alone (n = 12) | 50 | 29.3 | Proximal DVT, defined as thromboses of the popliteal or more proximal veins with or without concomitant calf vein thrombosis | rt-PA 1.2 mg/kg (24-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Kakkar et al47 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 10); UFH alone (n = 10) | 54 | 60 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Streptokinase, dose not well defined (at least 1 400 00 IU) (bolus + infusions every 6 h) | Systemic |
| Kiil et al48 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 11); UFH alone (n = 8) (9 patients were originally allocated but 1 was excluded after randomization) | 66.5 | 30 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Urokinase 200 000 IU (24-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Marder et al49 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 15) (12 randomized and 3 added after randomization); UFH alone (n = 12) | 52.4 | 30 | Any DVT (upper or lower limb) | Streptokinase 7 450 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Schulman et al50 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 17); heparin alone (n = 19) | 55.5 | 50.3 | Distal DVT, defined as verified DVT of the calf, not extending above the knee joint | Streptokinase 1 250 000 to 8 450 000 IU (bolus + 12-h infusion for 1 to 7 d) | Systemic |
| Schweizer et al51 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 46); UFH alone (n = 23) | 40 | 69.5 | Proximal DVT, defined as lower leg and popliteal thromboses | rt-PA (n = 23) 140 mg (4-h infusions for 7 d); urokinase (n = 23) 16 800 000 IU (7-dinfusion) | Locoregional intervention infused in the dorsal pedal vein of the affected limb |
| Schweizer et al52 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 200); UFH alone (n = 50) | 39.6 | 28.4 | Proximal DVT, defined as thrombosis of the popliteal or more proximal veins with or without concomitant calf vein thrombosis | rt-PA (n = 50) 80-140 mg (4-h infusions for 4 to 7 d); urokinase (n = 100) 16 800 000 IU (7-d infusion); streptokinase (n = 50) 21 000 000 IU (6-h infusion for 7 d) | Systemic and locoregional intervention infused in the dorsal pedal vein of the affected limb |
| Tsapogas et al53 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 19); UFH alone (n = 15) | 57 | 14.7 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Streptokinase 7 700 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Turpie et al54 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 41); placebo plus UFH (n = 42) | NR | NR | Proximal DVT (lower limb), not defined | rt-PA 0.5 mg/kg (4- to 8-h infusion for 2 d) | Systemic |
| Ugurlu et al55 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 50); UFH alone (n = 47) | NR | NR | Any DVT (lower limb), not defined | Streptokinase 1 500 000 to 3 000 000 IU (15- to 30-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Verhaeghe et al56 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 25); (14 randomized and 11 nonrandomized); placebo plus UFH (n = 7) | 50 | 42.8 | Proximal DVT, defined as popliteal or more proximal veins of the lower extremities and/or pelvic veins with or without calf vein thrombosis | rt-PA 100 to 150 mg (2 boluses on consecutive days) | Systemic |
| Vedantham et al57 | Thrombolytic plus LMWH or UFH (n = 336); placebo plus LMWH or UFH (n = 355) | 52.5 | 38.5 | Proximal DVT, defined as thromboses of the femoral, common femoral, or iliac vein (with or without other involved ipsilateral veins) | rt-PA <35 mg (through AngioJet, Trellis, or multi-sidehole catheter with 24- to 30-h infusion allowed) | Directed |
| Su et al58 | Thrombolytic plus LMWH (n = 73); LMWH alone (n = 66) | 47.7 | 52.5 | Proximal DVT (lower limb), not defined | Urokinase 800 000 to 1 200 000 IU/d | Directed |
| References . | No. of participants . | Mean age, y . | Females in study, % . | DVT extension . | Thrombolytic scheme . | Infusion type . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnesen et al40 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 21); UFH (n = 21) | 49.5 | 35.7 | Proximal DVT, defined as proximal extension beyond the calf veins | Streptokinase 7 450 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Common et al41 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 22); UFH (n = 26) | 50.2 | 33.3 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Streptokinase; treatment scheme not specified | Systemic |
| Elliot et al42 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 26); UFH (n = 25) | 49.5 | 33.3 | Proximal DVT, defined as extension beyond the axial veins of the calf or forearm | Streptokinase 7 800 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Elsharawy and Elzayat43 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 18); UFH (n = 17) | 46.5 | 69 | Proximal DVT, iliofemoral venous thrombosis documented with color duplex and/or ascending venography | Streptokinase 2 900 000 IU (bolus + 12- to 24-h infusion) | Directed |
| Enden et al44 | Thrombolytic plus LMWH (n = 93) (101 were originally allocated but only 93 received the intervention); LMWH (n = 108) | 55.5 | 54 | Proximal DVT, defined as thrombosis localized in the upper half of the thigh, the common iliac vein, or the combined iliofemoral segment | rt-PA 20 to 80 mg (bolus + 24- to 96-h infusion) | Directed |
| Goldhaber et al45 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 8); UFH (n = 9) | 68.5 | 64.7 | Proximal DVT, defined as thrombosis of the popliteal, femoral, or iliac veins with or without concomitant calf vein thrombosis; upper extremity DVT, defined as thrombosis of the brachial, axillary, subclavian, or internal jugular veins | Urokinase 1 500 000 IU (3 boluses + 25-min infusion) | Systemic |
| Goldhaber et al46 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 36); thrombolytic alone (n = 17); UFH alone (n = 12) | 50 | 29.3 | Proximal DVT, defined as thromboses of the popliteal or more proximal veins with or without concomitant calf vein thrombosis | rt-PA 1.2 mg/kg (24-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Kakkar et al47 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 10); UFH alone (n = 10) | 54 | 60 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Streptokinase, dose not well defined (at least 1 400 00 IU) (bolus + infusions every 6 h) | Systemic |
| Kiil et al48 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 11); UFH alone (n = 8) (9 patients were originally allocated but 1 was excluded after randomization) | 66.5 | 30 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Urokinase 200 000 IU (24-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Marder et al49 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 15) (12 randomized and 3 added after randomization); UFH alone (n = 12) | 52.4 | 30 | Any DVT (upper or lower limb) | Streptokinase 7 450 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Schulman et al50 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 17); heparin alone (n = 19) | 55.5 | 50.3 | Distal DVT, defined as verified DVT of the calf, not extending above the knee joint | Streptokinase 1 250 000 to 8 450 000 IU (bolus + 12-h infusion for 1 to 7 d) | Systemic |
| Schweizer et al51 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 46); UFH alone (n = 23) | 40 | 69.5 | Proximal DVT, defined as lower leg and popliteal thromboses | rt-PA (n = 23) 140 mg (4-h infusions for 7 d); urokinase (n = 23) 16 800 000 IU (7-dinfusion) | Locoregional intervention infused in the dorsal pedal vein of the affected limb |
| Schweizer et al52 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 200); UFH alone (n = 50) | 39.6 | 28.4 | Proximal DVT, defined as thrombosis of the popliteal or more proximal veins with or without concomitant calf vein thrombosis | rt-PA (n = 50) 80-140 mg (4-h infusions for 4 to 7 d); urokinase (n = 100) 16 800 000 IU (7-d infusion); streptokinase (n = 50) 21 000 000 IU (6-h infusion for 7 d) | Systemic and locoregional intervention infused in the dorsal pedal vein of the affected limb |
| Tsapogas et al53 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 19); UFH alone (n = 15) | 57 | 14.7 | Any DVT (lower limb) | Streptokinase 7 700 000 IU (bolus + 72-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Turpie et al54 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 41); placebo plus UFH (n = 42) | NR | NR | Proximal DVT (lower limb), not defined | rt-PA 0.5 mg/kg (4- to 8-h infusion for 2 d) | Systemic |
| Ugurlu et al55 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 50); UFH alone (n = 47) | NR | NR | Any DVT (lower limb), not defined | Streptokinase 1 500 000 to 3 000 000 IU (15- to 30-h infusion) | Systemic |
| Verhaeghe et al56 | Thrombolytic plus UFH (n = 25); (14 randomized and 11 nonrandomized); placebo plus UFH (n = 7) | 50 | 42.8 | Proximal DVT, defined as popliteal or more proximal veins of the lower extremities and/or pelvic veins with or without calf vein thrombosis | rt-PA 100 to 150 mg (2 boluses on consecutive days) | Systemic |
| Vedantham et al57 | Thrombolytic plus LMWH or UFH (n = 336); placebo plus LMWH or UFH (n = 355) | 52.5 | 38.5 | Proximal DVT, defined as thromboses of the femoral, common femoral, or iliac vein (with or without other involved ipsilateral veins) | rt-PA <35 mg (through AngioJet, Trellis, or multi-sidehole catheter with 24- to 30-h infusion allowed) | Directed |
| Su et al58 | Thrombolytic plus LMWH (n = 73); LMWH alone (n = 66) | 47.7 | 52.5 | Proximal DVT (lower limb), not defined | Urokinase 800 000 to 1 200 000 IU/d | Directed |
NR, not reported.