Baseline characteristics of the cases (patients with IPE) and controls (no IPE)
| Characteristic . | Cases . | Controls . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 904 | 1808 | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 63 (54-70) | 63 (54-71) | .639 |
| Sex | .673 | ||
| Female | 412 (45.6) | 841 (46.5) | |
| Male | 492 (54.4) | 967 (53.5) | |
| Race/ethnicity | .910 | ||
| Nonwhite | 204 (22.6) | 413 (22.8) | |
| White | 700 (77.4) | 1395 (77.2) | |
| CCI, median (IQR) | 6 (5-7) | 6 (4-7) | .123 |
| Serum creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 0.84 (0.70-1.04) | 0.87 (0.71-1.01) | .334 |
| Cancer type | .387 | ||
| Breast | 69 (7.6) | 143 (7.9) | |
| Female genital | 63 (7.0) | 130 (7.2) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 266 (29.4) | 498 (27.5) | |
| Head and neck | 16 (1.8) | 61 (3.4) | |
| Leukemia | 20 (2.2) | 50 (2.8) | |
| Lung | 139 (15.4) | 294 (16.3) | |
| Lymphoma | 70 (7.7) | 143 (7.9) | |
| Male genital | 25 (2.8) | 64 (3.5) | |
| Melanoma | 55 (6.1) | 94 (5.2) | |
| Metastatic, unknown primary | 17 (1.9) | 22 (1.2) | |
| Others | 40 (4.4) | 71 (3.9) | |
| Sarcoma | 56 (6.2) | 94 (5.2) | |
| Urinary | 68 (7.5) | 144 (8.0) | |
| Cancer stage | .203 | ||
| Advanced | 730 (80.8) | 1419 (78.5) | |
| Local | 70 (7.7) | 177 (9.8) | |
| Hematologic | 104 (11.5) | 212 (11.7) | |
| Active cancer treatment | <.001 | ||
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy | 323 (35.7) | 347 (19.2) | |
| Targeted chemotherapy | 35 (3.9) | 99 (5.5) | |
| Radiotherapy | 29 (3.2) | 15 (0.8) | |
| Hormonal therapy | 20 (2.2) | 75 (4.1) | |
| Immunotherapy | 2 (0.2) | 9 (0.5) | |
| Multiple treatment regimens | 92 (10.2) | 69 (3.8) | |
| None | 403 (44.6) | 1194 (66.0) | |
| Surgery within 30 d | .002 | ||
| No | 887 (98.1) | 1797 (99.4) | |
| Yes | 17 (1.9) | 11 (0.6) |
| Characteristic . | Cases . | Controls . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 904 | 1808 | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 63 (54-70) | 63 (54-71) | .639 |
| Sex | .673 | ||
| Female | 412 (45.6) | 841 (46.5) | |
| Male | 492 (54.4) | 967 (53.5) | |
| Race/ethnicity | .910 | ||
| Nonwhite | 204 (22.6) | 413 (22.8) | |
| White | 700 (77.4) | 1395 (77.2) | |
| CCI, median (IQR) | 6 (5-7) | 6 (4-7) | .123 |
| Serum creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 0.84 (0.70-1.04) | 0.87 (0.71-1.01) | .334 |
| Cancer type | .387 | ||
| Breast | 69 (7.6) | 143 (7.9) | |
| Female genital | 63 (7.0) | 130 (7.2) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 266 (29.4) | 498 (27.5) | |
| Head and neck | 16 (1.8) | 61 (3.4) | |
| Leukemia | 20 (2.2) | 50 (2.8) | |
| Lung | 139 (15.4) | 294 (16.3) | |
| Lymphoma | 70 (7.7) | 143 (7.9) | |
| Male genital | 25 (2.8) | 64 (3.5) | |
| Melanoma | 55 (6.1) | 94 (5.2) | |
| Metastatic, unknown primary | 17 (1.9) | 22 (1.2) | |
| Others | 40 (4.4) | 71 (3.9) | |
| Sarcoma | 56 (6.2) | 94 (5.2) | |
| Urinary | 68 (7.5) | 144 (8.0) | |
| Cancer stage | .203 | ||
| Advanced | 730 (80.8) | 1419 (78.5) | |
| Local | 70 (7.7) | 177 (9.8) | |
| Hematologic | 104 (11.5) | 212 (11.7) | |
| Active cancer treatment | <.001 | ||
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy | 323 (35.7) | 347 (19.2) | |
| Targeted chemotherapy | 35 (3.9) | 99 (5.5) | |
| Radiotherapy | 29 (3.2) | 15 (0.8) | |
| Hormonal therapy | 20 (2.2) | 75 (4.1) | |
| Immunotherapy | 2 (0.2) | 9 (0.5) | |
| Multiple treatment regimens | 92 (10.2) | 69 (3.8) | |
| None | 403 (44.6) | 1194 (66.0) | |
| Surgery within 30 d | .002 | ||
| No | 887 (98.1) | 1797 (99.4) | |
| Yes | 17 (1.9) | 11 (0.6) |
Unless otherwise noted, data are n (%).
CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; IQR, interquartile range.