Metabolic and function results in the presence of fructose incubation. (A) Levels of lactate, RP, and GSH in control and patient neutrophils following a 10-minute incubation with [U-¹³C]fructose; samples are before (time 0) and 5 minutes after incubation with 1 µM fMLF. (B) Superoxide anion production by neutrophils preincubated with or without 5 mM fructose and stimulated with PMA. SOD-inhibitable total luminescence is presented as described in “Methods.” (C) Chemotaxis in response to fMLF after preincubation with and without 5 mM fructose. Percentage of fluorescently labeled cells migrating across the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane into the lower wells with fMLF stimulus over time is presented.