Epitope locations within SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. (A) Epitopes within membrane protein were identified at the C-terminal intravirion domain. TMD, transmembrane domains. (B) Within spike proteins, epitopes were found within the S1 region, including 1 epitope within the receptor-binding domain (RBD). (C) In nucleocapsid protein, epitopes were identified in the region of the dimerization domain (DD).