In DLBCL, PD1 and TIM3 are involved in T-cell exhaustion. (A) Representative histograms of the proliferation (evaluated by the percentage of CellTrace^dim cells) of each CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cell subset (n = 3 DLBCL). (B) IFN-γ secretion in the supernatant of each T-cell subset was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 3 DLBCL). (C) CellTrace violet–labeled mononuclear cells from DLBCL samples (n = 8-12) were activated by plate-coated CD3 and soluble CD28 antibodies. Blocking monoclonal antibodies or control isotype antibodies were added at 10 μg/mL. Representative histograms of the proliferation of CD8⁺ T cells and CD4⁺ T cells (left) and percentage of T cells undergoing proliferation (right) in DLBCL in the presence of anti-PD1 or anti-TIM3 antibodies or a combination of both antibodies vs control immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies. (D) Event-free survival for the 928 DLBCL patients (GSE117556 cohort). Patients stratified according to PDCD1 and HAVCR2 expression in 4 subgroups after thresholds were defined using the MaxStat package 0.7-25 (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/maxstat/index.html). Survival probability was calculated with a log-rank test. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 by Wilcoxon parametric test.