Changes in biomarkers during patient-reported VOC. Percent change in biomarkers from non-VOC baseline to VOC days, adjusted for baseline, was analyzed by using a mixed model approach. Measures were log-transformed for analyses. (A) Cell adhesion; (B) chemistry; (C) cell counts; (D) inflammation markers. Results are reported as percent change with 95% confidence interval. WB, whole blood; WBC, white blood cell.