Elevated expression levels of validated MRs in human MM. Log2 fold change analysis showing expression levels of HMGA1 (left) and PA2G4 (right) in healthy negative control (NC), MGUS, SMM (SmMM), newly diagnosed MM (NewMM), and relapsed MM (ReMM) patients in the GSE6477 data set. Statistical comparison was performed by 1-sided rank sum test compared to NCs. *P < .05, ***P < .001.