Immunological findings in TLR8 gain-of-function patients. (A) Representative flow plots of T and B cells immunophenotyping showing a skewed ratio of CD4⁺ T cells expressing CD45RA or CD45RO (RA:RO ratio) and reduced class-switch memory B cells in a representative patient. (B) Quantitation of CD4:CD8 ratio, CD45RA:CD45RO ratio, percentage of effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (CD45RA⁺ CCR7⁻ effector memory T cells [TEMRAs]), and percentage of memory B cells and class-switch memory B cells relative to age-matched healthy male controls. In contrast to healthy controls, patients had a significantly reduced percentage of class-switch memory B cells. Young healthy male controls (<6 years) are indicated in red and young adult healthy male controls in green. Horizontal line indicates the median; a Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used for statistical evaluation. Findings that are statistically significant are denoted by an asterisk (*P ≤ .05).