5C12 antibody treatment prevents or attenuates the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in baboons challenged with a lethal dose of HI-SA (LDSA). Time course changes of plasma levels of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), IL-8 (D), IL-10 (E), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (F) in HI-SA–challenged animals, with or without 5C12 treatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Same time points are compared between the 2 experimental groups by using the generalized least squares (gls) function. ***P < .001. The overall P value (pvl) describing the difference between the 2 curves is shown on each graph. P < .05 is considered significant.