Significantly lower expression of GADD45g in AML cells and its correlation with poor prognosis. (A) Violin plot of GADD45g expression in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) data set, comparing AML cell lines (AML; n = 34) vs non-AML cancer cell lines (Non-AML; n = 913). (B) Comparison of GADD45g expression between primary BMMNCs from patients with AML (n = 542) and normal controls from healthy volunteers (n = 74) in AML datasets Microarray Innovations in Leukemia (MILE) (GSE13204). (C) Relative mRNA expression of GADD45g in hematopoietic malignant cell lines quantified by qRT-PCR and normalized to β-actin. (D) GADD45g mRNA expression in primary BMMNCs from patients with AML (n = 85) and BMMNCs from healthy donors (n = 39) and MNCs from human CB (n = 5) as normal controls, as determined by qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis of GADD45g protein levels in hematopoietic malignant cell lines (E) and in primary BMMNCs from patients with AML (n = 11) and healthy donors (F) (n = 5). (G) The expression patterns of GADD45g in different disease subsets in the AML data set GSE1159 (n = 272). The correlation of GADD45g expression with MLL-rearrangements or FLT3-ITD mutations in AML data sets GSE1159 (H; n = 272) and GSE30285 (I; n = 93). OS (J) and event-free survival (K) of AML patient in AML data set GSE10358 stratified according to GADD45g expression. Survival curves were analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and P values were determined with the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Data are presented as mean ± SD, and differences were compared by using the 2-tailed Student t test. Multiple groups were analyzed with the 1-way analysis of variance. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, ****P < .0001. CK, complex karyotype; NBM, normal bone marrow; NK, normal karyotype; NS, not significant.