Epidemiology of G6PD deficiency throughout the world. Each country on the map is shaded in a color based on the best estimate of the mean frequency of G6PD deficiency allele(s) in that country (this is the same as the frequency of G6PD-deficient males). The larger panel gives a color-coded list of 10 common G6PD variants associated with G6PD deficiency: asterisk-shaped symbols in the corresponding colors are shown in the countries where these variants have been observed (for graphic reasons symbols could not be inserted in all countries where the respective variants are present). Modified from Luzzatto, Ally, and Notaro.¹⁶