Commonly used risk stratification models in clinical practice. The risk factors and scoring PETHEMA, Mayo Clinic 2018, and IMWG 2020 scores are summarized, and the risk of progression based on scoring is outlined. FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; NR, not reached; PC, plasma cell; qIg, quantitative immunoglobulin. *The 5-year progression risk of the IMWG 2020 model is extrapolated from the Kaplan-Meier curve (figure 4 of the original publication).