Longitudinal analysis of risk scores among selected individuals with and without progression from MGUS to MM.¹⁹  Using data from the cross-sectional analysis, a risk score was developed and implemented to assess and label individual blood samples as follows: low-risk MGUS, 0 to 1 (gray); intermediate-risk MGUS, 2 (white); high-risk MGUS, 3 or higher (orange). Each series of boxes represents a unique patient, each box represents a unique blood sample, and the x-axis represents number of years before MM diagnosis (for case patients) and number of years before selection (for controls). Each box includes a number that represents the risk score for that given sample. MG indicates nonprogressing MGUS, and MM indicates cases that progressed from MGUS to MM. ^aFulfilled the blood-based criteria for smoldering myeloma (ie, M-spike concentration ≥3 g/dL). ^bFulfilled the blood-based criteria for MM (ie, FLC ratio ≥100 and involved FLC concentration ≥10 mg/dL). Reprinted by permission, Landgren et al, JAMA Oncol, 2019.¹⁹