NeuCs-XL recruit murine immune cells and protect from lethal infection. (A) A scheme of survival analysis in the model of lethal bacterial peritonitis with S aureus. (B) Kaplan-Meier survival curve of neutrophil-depleted BALB/c mice with bacterial peritonitis, followed by the IP injection of NeuPs-XL, NeuCs-XL, murine neutrophils, human neutrophils, or PBS. Dotted lines indicate 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was calculated using log-rank test. *P < .05. (C) Gene expression of chemokines and cytokines in NeuPs-XL and NeuCs-XL with or without S aureus stimulation, using qPCR. Means of 3 independent experiments, with relative gene expression, normalized to GAPDH expression. Statistical significance was calculated using ANOVA. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, ****P < .0001. (D) A scheme of FACS analysis of peritoneal exudated cells in the model of bacterial peritonitis with S aureus. (E) Cell numbers of peritoneal exudate cells (total cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages) in each condition. Means of 3 to 6 independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated using ANOVA. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. (F) A scheme of FACS analysis of peritoneal exudated cells in the model of bacterial peritonitis with S aureus using TLR-2 blocked NeuCs-XL. (G) Cell numbers of peritoneal exudate cells (human CD45⁺ cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages) in each condition. Statistical significance was calculated using a Student t test. *P < .05. (H) A scheme of survival analysis in the model of lethal bacterial peritonitis with S aureus after sublethal irradiation. (I) Kaplan-Meier survival curve of irradiated BALB/c mice with bacterial peritonitis, followed by the IP injection of NeuCs-XL or PBS. Statistical significance was calculated using log-rank test. **P = .0062.