T-cell biomarkers of survival in active MM. (A) UMAP of BM lymphocytes in BM aspirates from 100 patients with MM that were collected after treatment intensification (GEM2012MENOS65) and before maintenance (GEM2014MAIN). (B-C) Gradient boosting was performed in all 33 subsets to identify prognostic T-cell biomarkers; 6 T-cell types (TCD4⁺Naive, TCD4⁺EM CD127^lowPD1⁺, TCD4⁺CM CD127^lowPD1^–, TCD8⁺EM CD127^lowPD1⁺, TCD8⁺TEMRA CD127^low PD1⁺, and Tγδ CD8^– TEMRA) were associated with survival and were modeled to generate a prognostic score. Based on the negative or positive weight of the 6 subsets, a model was developed in which low frequency was assigned 1 point and high frequency was assigned 2 points. Patients were stratified according to the presence of ≤5 points (prognostic score 1) or >5 points (prognostic score 2). PFS (B) and OS are shown (C). (D) Number of MRD-positive and MRD-negative patients in each immune risk group.