Comparison of c-20S proteasome concentrations and activity between plasma samples of malaria-infected and uninfected children. (A) C-20S proteasome concentration, (B) caspase-like, (C) chymotrypsin-like, and (D) trypsin-like activities were measured in plasma samples from children with hemoglobin drop with and without SMA, stable hemoglobin, SM, and uninfected children (n = 17, 20, 19, 6, and 9 respectively). Significant differences (Holm adjusted P value) are indicated in the figure.