MVs lyse a thrombus in a uPA/uPAR-dependent manner. (A-B) Lysis front retraction experiments were performed with MVs purified from blood and stimulated with LPS (LPS-MVs, 2 × 10⁷) in the presence or absence of α2-antiplasmin (A2AP) at 0.5 µM, an inhibitory anti-uPA antibody at 50 µg/mL and isotype control (IgG) at 50 µg/mL; n = 9. Representative images for each time point (0, 24h, and 48 hours) are displayed in (A); black bar = 1000 µm. The lysis area was calculated at 48 hours, considering the entire thrombus surface (4.3 mm²) using ImageJ software (B). The negative control was represented by the SPN. (C-E) LPS-MVs were treated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC; 2 IU/mL). (C) The MV-PGC of the PI-PLC-treated LPS-MVs (PI-PLC-LPS-MVs) was compared with that of the untreated LPS-MVs (2.5 × 10⁶ MVs). (D) The thrombolytic effect of both types of LPS-MVs was evaluated in the lysis front retraction model at 0, 24h, and 48 hours in the presence of 10⁷ MVs. (E) The lysis area was calculated at 48 hours, considering the entire thrombus surface (4.3 mm²), using ImageJ software; n = 6. *P < .05; **P<.01.