CONSORT diagram. Patients first received bortezomib as monotherapy in a window for 21 days, except for those with rapidly progressive disease, who proceeded directly to induction therapy. Patients who responded to induction and did not have significant peripheral neuropathy were randomly assigned to bortezomib maintenance or initial observation. DA-EPOCH-R, dose-adjusted etoposide, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide with prednisone, vincristine, and rituximab; CNS, central nervous system.