Genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR screening identifies 9 essential genes in ATLL cell lines. (A) Outline of the workflow of the genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR screening in this study. (B) Violin plot indicating the distribution of log₂ fold change values for core fitness gene targeting sgRNAs colored in red or for nontarget control sgRNA colored in blue. Black horizontal lines indicate median values. (C) Essential gene selection flowchart. (D) Log₂ fold change values for 9 essential genes identified in whole-genome CRISPR library screen. sgRNAs with at least a log₂ fold change of 0.5 with at least 2 sgRNAs per gene in all 3 ATLL lines were selected. Data were shown as average fold changes from duplicated assays in 3 ATLL cell lines.