Knocking down RAGE does not rescue the effects of HMGB1. (A) RAGE knockdown efficiency measured at D4. (B) Cell expansion of infected cells over 7 days of culture. (C-E) (C) Representative flow cytogram of erythroid precursor differentiation using GPA surface expression at D11 of culture. (D) Quantification of GPApos cells at D11 of culture. (E) Representative flow cytogram of terminal erythroid differentiation using α4-integrin, and band 3 surface expression at D11 of culture. (F) Cell expansion of shControl and shRage-2–infected cells treated with HMGB1 for 7 days. (G) RAGE and pSTAT5 levels in shControl and shRage-2–infected cells at D7 preincubated with HMGB1 for 1 hour followed by 30-minute pulse with EPO. *P < .05; ns, not significant.