HDGF enhances glycolysis and reduces mitochondrial respiration in ALMC-2 cells. (A) ECAR measurements show that both HDGF and IL-6 + HDGF increase ECAR. (B) HDGF increases ALMC-2 glycolysis. (C) OCR measurements show a significant reduction of mitochondrial respiration in the presence of HDGF. (D) HDGF significantly reduces the basal rate (BR), ATP production (ATP), maximal respiration (MR), and spare respiratory capacity (SRC). (E) HDGF reduces the OCR:ECAR ratio. (F) Quantitative analysis of FACS data showing that HDGF increases the number of cells with impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRE). Oligomycin A (OmyA), 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), rotenone/antimycin A (R/A), and tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester (TMRE). Results shown are representative of duplicate determinations (A-D,F) and triplicate determinations (E). Means ± standard error are shown (n = 3). *P = .05; ꬸP = .01; and ◊P < .001. A-D: t test comparing nil to all other conditions. F: t tests comparing HDGF to all other conditions.