Summary findings from Oh et al and Atanackovic et al for SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses in patients with NHL receiving CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Patients with NHL receiving CD19 CAR T-cell therapy and at least 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccines have reduced numbers of B cells and anti-S or RBD antibody (Ab), associating with decreased neutralization of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 relative to healthy controls receiving similar vaccination. Furthermore, in comparison with healthy controls, patients with NHL receiving CD19 CAR T-cell therapy have greater numbers of plasma cells and similar levels of Ab directed against recall antigens. Last, patients with NHL receiving CD19 CAR T-cell therapy have higher levels of anti-S CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells than controls. These antiviral T cells associate with preserved, but variable neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with neutralization of Delta being greater than that of Omicron. Professional illustration by Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.