Figure 2.
Procoagulant platelets are induced by inflammation in vivo. (A) Experimental scheme of peritoneal sepsis and mesenteric live imaging. (B) Representative images derived from 4-dimensional (4D) live microscopy of mesentery venules. Dotted lines indicate vessel walls. Bar represents 5 µm. PS staining agent: mC1. (C) Quantification of procoagulant platelets in mesenteric venules of sham- or LPS-treated Bl6 mice. Student’s t test, two-tailed, unpaired. (D) Analysis of motility patterns and quantification of procoagulant platelet content in different motility subgroups in sham- or LPS-treated animals. Student’s t test, two-tailed, unpaired. (E) Example image derived from 4D live microscopy of mesentery venules. Yellow signal indicates overlap between phosphatidylserine (PS, mC1) and fibrinogen. Dotted lines indicate vessel walls. Bar represents 10 µm. (F) Quantification of fibrinogen-binding behavior of non-procoagulant (PS-, blue) and procoagulant platelets (PS+, red) from live imaging data (n = 4 LPS-treated mice; n = 2-3 videos per mouse). Data are shown as % of all platelets of the respective subset. One-way ANOVA. (G-H) Example image derived from 4D live microscopy of mesentery venules revealing PS+, fibrinogen-binding adherent platelets. Dotted lines indicate vessel walls. The red line corresponds to the plot profiles for expression of fibrinogen, PS and CD42b (X488) as shown in (H). PS staining agent: mC1. Bar represents 20 µm. (I) Absolute quantification of the area of Fbg, Fbg/CD42b, and Fbg/CD42b/PS overlap in sham- or LPS-injected mice (n = 3-4 mice per condition; n = 2-3 videos per mouse). Student’s t test, two-tailed, unpaired. (J) Experimental scheme and representative immunofluorescence images of mesenteric venules after 4 hours of LPS intraperitoneal injection. White arrowheads indicate procoagulant platelets (CD41/GPIIBIIIA-positive, PS-positive) in close proximity to antibody-stained collagen fibers (green). Bar represents 5 µm. PS staining agent: anti-PS antibody. Refer to supplemental Figure 2N for overview images.