Two novel models of hemostasis in mice. (A) Schema of the murine vessel puncture model with 2 laser Doppler probes. (B-E) Thrombus formation was induced by needle puncture of the left common carotid artery of wild-type mice. (B) Representative fluorescence images of the thrombus (platelets labeled with DIOC₆ in green) at the indicated time points after injury with a 25-gauge needle. Scale bar: 250 μm. The arrows represent the direction of blood flow, and the dotted lines represent the borders of the vessel. (C) The curve shows the area of the hemostatic thrombus as a function of the time after injury. (D) Representative scanning electron microscopy images of the external thrombus 3 minutes after vessel puncture. The black solid line represents the border of the thrombus. Scale bar: 250 μm (left), 10 μm (right). The thrombus is composed of tightly packed platelets, fibrous strands whose ultrastructure resembles fibrin, and RBCs, colored on the enlarged image of the area in the red square in gray, green, and red, respectively. (E) The dot plot shows the bleeding times of the wounds after vessel puncture. Data are presented as the mean ± the standard error of the mean (SEM) and individual symbols represent individual mice. (F) Schema of the murine vessel transection model with a laser Doppler probe. (G-H) Thrombus formation was induced by transection of the spermatic artery of wild-type mice with microscissors. (G) Representative fluorescence images of the thrombus (platelets labeled with DIOC₆ in green) at the indicated time points after injury. Scale bar: 250 μm. The arrows indicate the direction of blood flow. The white dotted lines represent the borders of the exposed vessel, and the green dotted lines represent the borders of the vessel under muscle tissue. (H) The dot plot shows the bleeding times of the wounds after vessel transection. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and individual symbols represent individual mice.