IL-13 promotes upregulation of collagen biosynthesis pathways and TGF-β expression in megakaryocytes. (A) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in MPLW515 cells cultured in the presence or absence of IL-13 for 4 days, as determined by bulk RNA sequencing. (B) Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the upregulated genes. (C) Expression of LAP and GARP in MPLWT and MPLW515L CD41⁺ megakaryocytes after 4 days of culture in the presence or absence of IL-13. Each dot represents a biological replicate. Paired Student t test was used for statistical analysis. (D) Levels of latent TGF-β in supernatants from the experiments shown in panel C. (E) Messenger RNA expression of Acta2, Col1a1, and Col2a1 in MSCs cocultured with MPLW515L megakaryocytes in the presence or absence of IL-13 and SB 431542 for 72 hours. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FDR, false discovery rate; GO, gene ontology; MSCs, mesenchymal stromal cells; NT, no treatment; SB, SB 431542.