rLIF administration effectively ameliorates GVHD and preserves the GVL effect. (A-C) Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with BM with or without T cells from BALB/c mice along with luciferase-labelled C1498 mouse leukemia cells. The day of BMT was denoted as D0. Recipient mice were treated with vehicle (PBS) or rLIF (IP, 30 ng/g body weight, twice a day, from D-4 to D3). (A) Kaplan-Meier survival curve of mice. (B) Percentage of tumor relapse in mice. (C) Representative bioluminescence images of mice throughout the experiment. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare among groups. ∗P < .05, ∗∗∗P < .001, n.s.: not significant. (D) Schematic illustration of the role of LIF in protecting against GVHD. The diagram was prepared by using BioRender software.