In vivo effect of SP nanoparticles in VWD-2B and VWF-KO murine models. Mice were injected with CP or SP nanoparticles (2 mg/kg) or not injected. Bleeding was measured for 30 minutes (VWD-2B) (A) or 20 minutes (VWF-KO) (B) after amputation of 3 mm of the tail tip. Blood was collected in warm saline and quantified using a hemoglobin calibration curve. Each dot represents an individual mouse. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's correction.∗P ≤ .05; ∗∗∗P ≤ .001; ∗∗∗∗P ≤ .0001. ns, not significant.