Treatment with autologous CAR-T cells in patients who relapsed >6 months from HSCT led to superior survival compared with patients who relapsed <6 months from transplant. In patients with early relapse, B-cell persistence was shorter than in patients who relapsed >6 months post-HSCT.⁸ Early after HSCT the composition of the T-cell repertoire in patients is skewed and normalizes with time. The ability of these T cells to proliferate is reduced compared with a later time after HSCT and compared with T cells of healthy individuals. This might cause the diminished persistence of autologous CAR-T cells when given early after HSCT and demonstrates the importance of the report from del Bufalo et al in which CAR-T cells were generated from healthy donors. T_CM, central memory T cell; T_EM, effector memory T cell; T_EMRA, effector memory T cell reexpressing CD45RA; T_Naiv, naive T cell; V_beta, V beta T cell repertoire.