Safety and efficacy of IPI plus DEC therapy in MDS/AML patients who are posttransplant or transplant-naïve. (A) Frequency of all irAEs, regardless of grade and steroid use (topical or systemic) among patients treated with IPI + DEC. IrAEs shown in orange with stripes are indicated for cases in which GVHD-specific findings were not clearly detected based on available local clinical pathologic assessment. In the post-HSCT group, 11 of 25 patients had observed irAEs, including 7 of 25 with GVHD (including 2 of 25 with severe GVHD: 1 with severe chronic and 1 with grade 3 acute). In the transplant-naïve group, 11 of 23 patients had reported irAEs. (B) Comparison of overall response rate (ORR) by treatment arm, carried out using Fisher’s exact test. Arm A (post-HSCT) responders included the following: 4 with CR and 1 with marrow CR (mCR) without hematologic improvement (HI). Arm B (transplant-naïve) responders included the following: 5 with CR, 2 with CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), 3 with mCR with HI (mCR + HI), and 2 with mCR without HI. (C-D) Kaplan-Meier overall survival and progression-free survival curves in patients who received IPI + DEC, separated by arms: post-HSCT (arm A, blue; n = 25) and transplant-naïve (arm B, red; n = 23). MLFS, morphologic leukemia-free state; PD, progressive disease; SD, stable disease.