GalNAc-Alas1 effectively treats ongoing induced attacks in AIP mice. AIP mice were induced with a combination of serial phenobarbital injections and diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) (denoted by arrows [↓]; phenobarbital doses were 90, 100, 110, and 90 mg/kg per day, whereas DDC dose was 20 mg/kg per day) for 4 consecutive days to markedly elevate plasma ALA and PBG concentrations and treated with either a single subcutaneous dose of GalNAc-Alas1 (denoted by a black triangle [▼]; 3 mg/kg), 2 daily infusions of hemin (represented by white triangles [▽]; 4 mg/kg), or saline (controls), as shown. Blood samples were collected (represented by X marks) at the indicated times, and plasma ALA and PBG concentrations were determined. Data shown are means + standard deviations (n = 3-5).