Human CD34⁺ cells cocultured with mesenchymal stromal cells exposed to IFN-γ and TNF exhibit suppressed B-cell development. (A) Representative flow cytometry panel of CD19⁺CD20⁺ mature B cells exposed to media, TNF, IFN-γ, or the combination of TNF and IFN-γ. (B) Quantified values of the populations of interest in each treatment group normalized to media control group represented as fold change for total CD19⁺ B cells (TNF, 0.31 ± 0.043; IFN-γ, 0.17 ± 0.090; and IFN-γ + TNF, 0.030 ± 0.014), CD19⁺CD34⁻ (TNF, 0.33 ± 0.061; IFN-γ, 0.13 ± 0.059; and IFN-γ + TNF, 0.030 ± 0.017), and CD19⁺CD10⁺ immature B cells (TNF, 0.43 ± 0.076; IFN-γ, 0.22 ± 0.094; and IFN-γ + TNF, 0.081 ± 0.052) (n = 5 per treatment group). A Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA followed by the Dunn multiple comparison test for nonnormally distributed samples and an ordinary 1-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey multiple comparison test for normally distributed samples were used for statistical comparison of media and treated groups. Data represent mean ± SEM; ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001; ∗∗∗∗P < .0001.