Thrombin generation by DAMPs. DAMPs promote thrombin generation through contact activation of FXI and FXII by negatively charged polyanions (eg, polyphosphates, cfRNA, and DNA), the alternative prothrombinase pathway mediated by histones, and inhibiting anticoagulant pathways. DAMP signals also trigger the cell-mediated injury response, promoting procoagulant factor release and procoagulant surfaces. DAMPs are expressed and/or released as part of the cell-mediated response to amplify the injury signal. GP1b, glycoprotein 1b.