Splenic macrophage populations display distinct gene expression signatures. (A) UMAP visualization of Vcam1– and Vcam1+ macrophages in the pooled scRNA-seq data of F4/80⁺ macrophage populations. (B) Volcano plots showing the DEGs between Vcam1+ vs Vcam1– macrophages. (C) UMAP visualization and Violin plots comparing the differences in selected gene expression levels between Vcam1+ vs Vcam1– macrophages. (D) UMAP plot of macrophage populations coloured by pseudotime. (E) Pseudotime trajectory analysis demonstrating the directions of macrophage differentiation as indicated by the arrows. (F) Heat map showing the expression levels of DEGs of single cells in Vcam1– and Vcam1+ macrophages from NT, PHZ, and BLD conditions, respectively. Enrichment analysis (GO biological processes) of genes upregulated in Vcam1+ macrophages (G), genes upregulated in Vcam1– macrophages (H), genes upregulated in stress (PHZ/BLD) vs NT Vcam1+ macrophages (I), and genes upregulated in NT vs stress (PHZ/BLD) Vcam1+ macrophages (J). ER, endoplasmic reticulum; NT, no treatment.