Association of metabolic comorbidities with monoclonal gammopathies. Multivariable logistic regression models for (A) MS-MGUS and (B) all MS-positive monoclonal gammopathies, adjusted for sociodemographic variables of age (continuous variable), sex, Black race, education, and income. The referent population for all models was defined as individuals who screened negative by MS. ^aBMI group: normal weight refers to BMI of 18.5 to <25 kg/m²; overweight, BMI of 25 to <30 kg/m²; and obesity, BMI of ≥30 kg/m². Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²) is not provided in the figure because of the small number of individuals in this group leading to uninterpretable results. MS-MGUS, defined as M-protein concentration of ≥0.2 g/L); MS-positive defined as MS-detected monoclonal gammopathies across all M-protein concentration levels.