Figure 5.
Modulation of heat stimulus–evoked brain activity and chronic pain resting state in female HbSS-BERK mice. (A) The single- and multisession tFUS treatment conditions used in EEG study. (B) Chronic pain quantification in brain rhythms at rest, showing a broadband increase of oscillations from theta to beta frequencies in female HbSS-BERK mice (n = 8) compared with female wild-type mice (n = 8). #P < .05 using t test with Mann-Whitney test. (C) Heat pain quantification in brain oscillations from the negative control group. HTHPS but not LTHPS resulted in a significant decrease in theta, alpha, and beta power in the contralateral brain region of S1HL in HbSS-BERK mice (n = 8). Note the temperature categories: baseline (BL), low temperature (LT; 26.2 ± 0.2°C < T ≤ 36.2 ± 0.2°C), and high temperature (HT; 38.9 ± 0.2°C < T ≤ 46.4 ± 0.1°C). ∗P < .05 using t test with Wilcoxon signed rank test. (D) Differences (Δ) of oscillatory power during normalized HTHPS and averaged normalized LTHPS. Post-tFUS with a PRF of 40 Hz, but not 3 kHz, at S1HL induced a significant increase in Δ power from theta to beta frequencies (n = 8), contrasting the heat pain–related EEG pattern. #P < .05, ##P < .01, ###P < .001 using t test with Mann-Whitney test. (E) Multisession tFUS at S1HL induced a significant decrease in power from theta to beta frequencies (n = 5), showing a remarkable difference from the power of untreated HbSS-BERK mice while being similar to the power of wild-type mice. #P < .05, ##P < .01 using t test with Mann-Whitney test. (F) At 80 seconds after heat stimulus at hind paw, power in alpha and beta frequencies was significantly suppressed by multisession tFUS with a PRF of 40 Hz but not by single-session tFUS with a PRF of 40 Hz (n = 8 for single-session tFUS and n = 4 for multisession tFUS). #P < .05 (t test with Mann-Whitney test). ns, not significant.

Modulation of heat stimulus–evoked brain activity and chronic pain resting state in female HbSS-BERK mice. (A) The single- and multisession tFUS treatment conditions used in EEG study. (B) Chronic pain quantification in brain rhythms at rest, showing a broadband increase of oscillations from theta to beta frequencies in female HbSS-BERK mice (n = 8) compared with female wild-type mice (n = 8). #P < .05 using t test with Mann-Whitney test. (C) Heat pain quantification in brain oscillations from the negative control group. HTHPS but not LTHPS resulted in a significant decrease in theta, alpha, and beta power in the contralateral brain region of S1HL in HbSS-BERK mice (n = 8). Note the temperature categories: baseline (BL), low temperature (LT; 26.2 ± 0.2°C < T ≤ 36.2 ± 0.2°C), and high temperature (HT; 38.9 ± 0.2°C < T ≤ 46.4 ± 0.1°C). ∗P < .05 using t test with Wilcoxon signed rank test. (D) Differences (Δ) of oscillatory power during normalized HTHPS and averaged normalized LTHPS. Post-tFUS with a PRF of 40 Hz, but not 3 kHz, at S1HL induced a significant increase in Δ power from theta to beta frequencies (n = 8), contrasting the heat pain–related EEG pattern. #P < .05, ##P < .01, ###P < .001 using t test with Mann-Whitney test. (E) Multisession tFUS at S1HL induced a significant decrease in power from theta to beta frequencies (n = 5), showing a remarkable difference from the power of untreated HbSS-BERK mice while being similar to the power of wild-type mice. #P < .05, ##P < .01 using t test with Mann-Whitney test. (F) At 80 seconds after heat stimulus at hind paw, power in alpha and beta frequencies was significantly suppressed by multisession tFUS with a PRF of 40 Hz but not by single-session tFUS with a PRF of 40 Hz (n = 8 for single-session tFUS and n = 4 for multisession tFUS). #P < .05 (t test with Mann-Whitney test). ns, not significant.

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