CD38-CAR NK cells exhibit enhanced cytotoxic function and cytokine secretion. CD38-CAR NK cells were tested against CD38-expressing AML, MM, and T-cell malignancies collected from patients at baseline. (A) NK and CD38-CAR NK killing of AML-1 (n = 3; mean ± SD). (B) NK and CD38-CAR NK killing of samples from patients with MM (MM-1 and MM-2; n = 1; mean ± SD). (C) NK and CD38-CAR NK killing of T-cell malignancies (hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma and T-PLL [T-PLL-1 and T-PLL-2]; n = 1; mean ± SD). All cytotoxicity P values were calculated using a 2-way ANOVA; ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P = .001; ∗∗∗∗P < .0001. (D) Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine assay was performed on the supernatant of WT and CD38-CAR NK cells cocultured with CD38⁺ malignancies (n = 9; mean ± SD). P values were calculated using a paired Student t test; ∗P = .05; ∗∗P = .01; ∗∗∗P = .001. GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α.