Figure 1.
Clinical features, prevalence of CH, and disease-related outcomes of 243 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the prevaccination era. (A) Heat map showing the spectrum of CH mutations, sex distribution, COVID-19–related complications, prevalence of CRS, and serum cytokines and inflammatory markers. (B) Bar plots comparing the prevalence of ARDS among patients with COVID-19 with TET2mt CH and DNMT3Amt CH. ARDS exclusively occurred in patients with COVID-19 with underlying DNMT3Amt CH but not TET2mt CH (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .007). (C) Box plots comparing the serum MCP-1 concentrations among patients with COVID-19 with TET2mt CH and DNMT3Amt CH at the time of hospitalization. There was an increase in serum MCP-1 concentration in patients with COVID-19 with underlying DNMT3Amt CH compared with those with TET2mt CH (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .014). (D) Kaplan-Meier plot showing the OS estimates for 243 patients with COVID-19, stratified by CH status. There was increased all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19 with underlying CH (log-rank test, P < .001). (E) Kaplan-Meier plot showing the OS estimates for 218 patients with COVID-19, stratified by CH status (further stratified into TET2mt CH and DNMT3Amt CH). The increased all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19 with underlying CH was mainly driven by DNMT3Amt CH (log-rank test, P < .001). This association remained consistent after adjusting for age at COVID-19 diagnosis: Hazard ratio (HR), 2.84 (95% CI, 1.16-6.94; P = .022). (F) Forest plot showing the HRs calculated using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and various comorbidities. We observed significant increase in all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 with DNMT3Amt CH compared with those without CH mutations, even after adjusting for comorbidities. AKI, acute kidney injury; ALI, acute lung injury; CLOT, venous thromboembolism; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; NIV, noninvasive ventilation.

Clinical features, prevalence of CH, and disease-related outcomes of 243 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the prevaccination era. (A) Heat map showing the spectrum of CH mutations, sex distribution, COVID-19–related complications, prevalence of CRS, and serum cytokines and inflammatory markers. (B) Bar plots comparing the prevalence of ARDS among patients with COVID-19 with TET2mt CH and DNMT3Amt CH. ARDS exclusively occurred in patients with COVID-19 with underlying DNMT3Amt CH but not TET2mt CH (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .007). (C) Box plots comparing the serum MCP-1 concentrations among patients with COVID-19 with TET2mt CH and DNMT3Amt CH at the time of hospitalization. There was an increase in serum MCP-1 concentration in patients with COVID-19 with underlying DNMT3Amt CH compared with those with TET2mt CH (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .014). (D) Kaplan-Meier plot showing the OS estimates for 243 patients with COVID-19, stratified by CH status. There was increased all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19 with underlying CH (log-rank test, P < .001). (E) Kaplan-Meier plot showing the OS estimates for 218 patients with COVID-19, stratified by CH status (further stratified into TET2mt CH and DNMT3Amt CH). The increased all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19 with underlying CH was mainly driven by DNMT3Amt CH (log-rank test, P < .001). This association remained consistent after adjusting for age at COVID-19 diagnosis: Hazard ratio (HR), 2.84 (95% CI, 1.16-6.94; P = .022). (F) Forest plot showing the HRs calculated using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and various comorbidities. We observed significant increase in all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 with DNMT3Amt CH compared with those without CH mutations, even after adjusting for comorbidities. AKI, acute kidney injury; ALI, acute lung injury; CLOT, venous thromboembolism; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; NIV, noninvasive ventilation.

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