Identification of relapse-fated subpopulation with elevated innate immune signaling. (A) UMAP plot illustrating the clustering of HSC/MPP-like cells (n = 77 945) from all patients with pAML at diagnosis. (B) Radar plot depicting the ratio of relative proportions of HSC/MPP-like subsets (C1 to C8) between relapse and nonrelapse groups across various pAML subtypes. (C) Bubble plot showing the ratio of observed to expected (Ro/e) values of C1 cluster in each clone type among patients with pAML (n = 7). Dot size represents the value of Ro/e, and the dot color represents logarithmic transformed adjusted P values (Benjamini-Hochberg correction). The symbol “/” indicates data not available. (D) EpiTrace age of HSC/MPP-like subsets from C1 to C8. (E) UMAP showing chromatin accessibility for SELL gene in HSC/MPP-like subsets. (F) LSC6 gene score in HSC/MPP-like subsets from C1 to C8. (G) Subset-specific accessible peaks (n = 26 437) from C1 to C8 with representative associated genes displayed (left). Zoom-in genome tracks display the chromatin accessibility of IL18R1 and the Notch signal gene NOTCH2NLA in HSC/MPP-like subsets (right). (H) UMAP showing chromatin accessibility for innate immunity–related gene CCL15 in HSC/MPP-like subsets. (I) Gene score of innate immune gene set (n = 334) within HSC/MPP-like subsets. GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor; LSC6, 6-gene leukemia stem cell signature.