Duffy allele frequencies. Bar charts showing 100% stacked Duffy allele frequencies by (A) genetic similarity to 1000G/HGDP reference populations and (B) self-reported race and ethnicity. The number of individuals in each group is included in the categorical labels. In the self-reported race and ethnicity chart, some individuals may appear twice because of the independent nature of race and ethnicity (eg, some individuals identify as Hispanic and as Black). The unknown category reflects individuals that answered “I prefer not to answer,” or “None of these,” or skipped the self-identified race question in the AoU demographics survey.