![Coadministration of nilotinib with artesunate increased survival and decreased brain edema. (A) Schematic overview of the late-stage treatment regimen (days 6-10) as highlighted by the gray box. (B) Survival curves (mice were euthanized at an RMCBS score ≤ 5; n = 18 per group. ∗P < .05; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001 analyzed using log-rank tests [Mantel Cox tests] in comparison with the infected group). (C) Parasitemia curves (n = 18 per group). (D) Parasitemia in individual mice on days 7 to 11 after infection. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01 determined using 2-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. (E) Giemsa-stained blood smears were used to determine the parasite life stages on day 8 after infection in the no treatment and nilotinib-treated PbANKA-infected mice. (F) Schematic overview of Evans blue dye assay conducted on day 7 or 8. (G) Parasitemia measured on the day of Evans blue dye assay (n = 9 Un; 17 Inf; 18 Art; 18 Nil+Art). ∗ P < .05; ∗∗P < .01 determined using 1-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett multiple comparison test (compared with the infected group). (H) Brain edema measured by Evans blue assay on day 7 or 8 after infection (n = 9 Un; 17 inf; 18 Art; 18 Nil+Art). ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01 determined using 1-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett multiple comparison test (compared with the infected group). (I) Lung edema measured by Evans blue assay on day 7 or 8 after infection (n = 9 Un; 17 Inf; 18 Art; 18 Nil+Art). ∗∗P < .01 determined using 1-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett multiple comparison test (compared with the infected group). Art, artesunate.](https://ash.silverchair-cdn.com/ash/content_public/journal/bloodadvances/9/10/10.1182_bloodadvances.2024015364/2/blooda_adv-2024-015364-gr6.jpeg?Expires=1752162654&Signature=jWKzd~pVqEtl7xWPInirlomieKmNGvtR8krysJgeF9Wl4C62VU5giwzpGKAef-jsa3~a3QeXEIobXMI52ynUsWv84jI7bIk1X1uDKgoKo5wBZRK5qb~0kxOlCQCzZe~RFmV6G-C3nt4KsbNHGssARa4l1EzRdrtve5S~yaYk0bWohbcovXabcIkwKazGv3ZMUnHc4fMYhNd6zzNecHsspj94CekFVgnkOZUbdsHN9Jdj~mXkhdjTBKxq7j5mQGms1kmvT9WyhanYujzUFWIcp5PF117f~E2DWMFrC1Apvk~eeL6VW1EYDXCKKhqZEDAEWwpeMlx6r6IIl1FkxeAlnw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Coadministration of nilotinib with artesunate increased survival and decreased brain edema. (A) Schematic overview of the late-stage treatment regimen (days 6-10) as highlighted by the gray box. (B) Survival curves (mice were euthanized at an RMCBS score ≤ 5; n = 18 per group. ∗P < .05; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001 analyzed using log-rank tests [Mantel Cox tests] in comparison with the infected group). (C) Parasitemia curves (n = 18 per group). (D) Parasitemia in individual mice on days 7 to 11 after infection. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01 determined using 2-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. (E) Giemsa-stained blood smears were used to determine the parasite life stages on day 8 after infection in the no treatment and nilotinib-treated PbANKA-infected mice. (F) Schematic overview of Evans blue dye assay conducted on day 7 or 8. (G) Parasitemia measured on the day of Evans blue dye assay (n = 9 Un; 17 Inf; 18 Art; 18 Nil+Art). ∗ P < .05; ∗∗P < .01 determined using 1-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett multiple comparison test (compared with the infected group). (H) Brain edema measured by Evans blue assay on day 7 or 8 after infection (n = 9 Un; 17 inf; 18 Art; 18 Nil+Art). ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01 determined using 1-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett multiple comparison test (compared with the infected group). (I) Lung edema measured by Evans blue assay on day 7 or 8 after infection (n = 9 Un; 17 Inf; 18 Art; 18 Nil+Art). ∗∗P < .01 determined using 1-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett multiple comparison test (compared with the infected group). Art, artesunate.
