Immune activation pathways are upregulated in the MKs from patients with AA demonstrated by scRNA-seq. (A) A UMAP plot of single BM cell gene expression of patients with AA (n = 9) and healthy controls (n = 4). Cells are colored by types (erythroblast, MK, myeloid, NK, CD8⁺ T cell, CD4⁺ T cell, and B/plasma cells). Expression of cell-type signature genes are highlighted in UMAP plots. (B) GSEA of expressed genes in MKs from patients with AA compared with those in healthy donors. Normalized enrichment scores (NES) for the GSEA pathways are plotted, showing higher enrichment of the inflammatory pathways in MKs from patients with AA. IL2/6, interleukin-2/6.