Changes in the gut microbiome diversity during ide-cel therapy. (A) Bacterial diversity at different time points relative to CAR-T therapy, calculated using the Inverse Simpson index. This plot demonstrates the changes in bacterial diversity over time, highlighting how microbial communities evolve before, during, and after CAR-T therapy. (B) Relative abundance of different bacterial phyla in stool samples collected at various time points relative to ide-cel therapy. This bar plot shows the distribution of bacterial phyla, thereby enabling the comparison of microbial community composition at different stages of the treatment. (C) Phylum-level diversity of the baseline stool samples. This plot illustrates the diversity and abundance of bacterial phyla present in the baseline stool samples, providing a snapshot of the microbial community during initiation of therapy. (D) Box plots exploring the relationship between bacterial alpha diversity, measured at baseline, and the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent ide-cel therapy with the aim of identifying potential microbial predictors of treatment response and toxicities. PD, partial disease.