Bulk sequencing assessment of MAS neutrophil architecture. (A) Volcano plot showing the DEGs in neutrophils vs PBMCs of patients with MAS. Red points represent upregulated genes, blue points represent downregulated genes. (B) GO analysis of the upregulated DEGs of neutrophils vs PBMCs. (C) GSEA of genes in neutrophils isolated from patients with AOSD with MAS vs patients with AOSD without MAS. (D) Gene set enrichment plots of target genes in the IFN-γ response (left) and IFN-α response (right). (E) PROGENy analysis of genes in neutrophils isolated from patients with AOSD with MAS vs patients with AOSD without MAS. (F) Comparison of the gene transcription levels involved in the JAK-STAT, MAPK, and VEGF pathways between the MAS and the non-MAS control group. (G) Mantel correlation analysis of the gene transcription levels related to neutrophil function and those related to JAK. (H) Olink analysis of the plasma inflammatory protein profile of the MAS group and the non-MAS control group. Shown are all tested proteins ranked by their P value. (I) Comparison of the plasma free IL-18 levels between the MAS and the non-MAS control group. ∗P < .05. BP, biological process; GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; GO, Gene Ontology; NES, normalized enrichment score; PROGENy, Pathway RespOnsive GENes for activity inference; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β.