Actinomycin D reduces AML burden in a xenograft model. (A) Schematic representation of PDX experiment. Mice transplanted with 106 luciferase-expressing NPM1c+ AML PDX cells were treated with 0.1 mg kg−1 ActD or vehicle twice weekly for 5 weeks, followed by treatment with 0.06 mg kg−1 ActD or vehicle once weekly for another 3 weeks. Leukemia burden was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and quantified in tissues after animal collection. (B-D) Bioluminescence radiance on day 34 (baseline) (B), day 45 (C), and day 58 (D) in ActD vs vehicle-treated animals. (E) Bioluminescence imaging of animals treated with ActD vs vehicle at indicated time points. (F) Spleen weights and representative spleen pictures in ActD vs vehicle-treated animals. (G-H) Counts of white blood cells (G) and platelets (H) in ActD vs vehicle-treated animals. (I) Percentage of cells expressing human CD45 (hCD45) of total CD45 in blood in ActD vs vehicle-treated animals. (C-D,F-I) Unpaired t test was used to calculate P values between groups. ∗P ≤ .05; ∗∗P ≤ .01. Data represent 4 to 6 biological replicates per group (those with available tissues on disease presentation) (mean ± SD). Panel A was created with BioRender.com. Vassiliou, G. (2025) https://BioRender.com/9tt8kww.
