Thrombin inhibition without or with other plasma inhibitors. (A) Thrombin (1400 nM) was incubated with the indicated concentration of AT (expressed as a percentage of the plasma concentration) plus plasma concentrations of A1PI, HCII, and A2M. At time points, residual thrombin was measured by diluting the sample into a thrombin substrate. As expected, the thrombin-A2M complex retains some ability to cleave substrate. (B) Substrate cleavage was modeled from the thrombin and thrombin-A2M concentrations determined by a series of ordinary differential equations using the rate constants determined in Figure 1 (see supplemental Code 2). (C) The model of substrate cleavage was converted to a model of residual free thrombin (ie, thrombin not bound to an inhibitor). (D) Modeled concentrations of each inhibitor complex at 10 minutes was plotted for each AT concentration.