Female mice exhibit elevated serum levels of LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines compared with male mice. (A) Experimental timeline outlining the assessment of inflammatory responses following LPS (5 mg/kg) challenge. (B-O) Serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in male (n = 16) and female (n = 15) mice. Each dot represents an individual mouse. Statistical significance was determined using 2-tailed t tests (Mann-Whitney U tests) for 2 groups. P values < .05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001. ns, not significant.
Figure 2.

Female mice exhibit elevated serum levels of LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines compared with male mice. (A) Experimental timeline outlining the assessment of inflammatory responses following LPS (5 mg/kg) challenge. (B-O) Serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in male (n = 16) and female (n = 15) mice. Each dot represents an individual mouse. Statistical significance was determined using 2-tailed t tests (Mann-Whitney U tests) for 2 groups. P values < .05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001. ns, not significant.

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