Cell alignment. Cells align orthogonally to the stretch direction. (A) Confocal images of nucleus DAPI and phalloidin (F-actin) merged (DAPI, blue; and F-actin, red) of an unstretched flat membrane; an unstretched nanopatterned membrane, and a flat membrane stretched for 24 hours at 10% strain and at 1 Hz (left). Objective, original magnification ×40; scale bar, 20 μm. The lines point at the direction of the nanogrooves for the nanopatterned membranes and the arrow at the direction of the stretch for the flat membranes. Z-stack sum projection. (Right) Cell pose segmentation. (B) Frequency distribution of individual cell projected area, aspect ratio and orientation for unstretched flat (light blue), unstretched with nanopatterns (red), and stretched 24 hours, 10% (orange). n = 2586 cells; N = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 2.

Cell alignment. Cells align orthogonally to the stretch direction. (A) Confocal images of nucleus DAPI and phalloidin (F-actin) merged (DAPI, blue; and F-actin, red) of an unstretched flat membrane; an unstretched nanopatterned membrane, and a flat membrane stretched for 24 hours at 10% strain and at 1 Hz (left). Objective, original magnification ×40; scale bar, 20 μm. The lines point at the direction of the nanogrooves for the nanopatterned membranes and the arrow at the direction of the stretch for the flat membranes. Z-stack sum projection. (Right) Cell pose segmentation. (B) Frequency distribution of individual cell projected area, aspect ratio and orientation for unstretched flat (light blue), unstretched with nanopatterns (red), and stretched 24 hours, 10% (orange). n = 2586 cells; N = 3 independent experiments.

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