Comparison of functional and operational characteristics between donor-derived and third-party VSTs. VSTs can be manufactured from PBMCs from HSC donors (left) or healthy third-party donors (right) using similar methods, including cell selection or ex vivo expansion. Following required quality assurance/control testing, VSTs can be cryopreserved for either directed use or banking, and infused into patients for either prevention or treatment of targeted viral infections. Response assessment is dependent on trending of viral polymerase chain reactions, though correlative studies of cellular responses to viral antigens may also be useful when available. HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; QA/QC, quality assurance/quality control. Figure created with BioRender.com. Djassemi N. (2025) https://app.biorender.com/illustrations/66fef6394004c2128b84bcb1.