Adhesive and mechanical properties of KAHRP mutant cell lines. (A) Membrane shear elastic modulus of erythrocytes infected with 3D7-K119, 3D7-K530, and 3D7-K(re) compared with uninfected red blood cells (uRBCs). Each point represents an individual erythrocyte. (B) Cells were flowed over monolayers of platelets expressing CD36. A physiologically relevant wall shear stress of 0.05 Pa was applied and error bars represent mean values ± SEM. The percentage represents a comparison of the adherence of each mutant cell line with 3D7-K(re)-infected and 3D7-infected erythrocytes. (C) Cells were flowed over monolayers of platelets expressing CD36 at 0.05 Pa. Adherent cells were then exposed to stepwise increases in wall shear stress. The number of infected cells remaining adherent after exposure to each stress was determined and is shown as the proportion of adherent infected cells relative to the number adhering at 0.05 Pa. Each value represents the mean ± SEM for 3 experiments for each parasite line. • indicates 3D7-K119-infected; □, 3D7-K530-infected; and ▪, 3D7-K(re)-infected erythrocytes.