LPS sensitivity of wild-type (WT) and DAF^−/− mice. (A-C) ELISA assays of plasma levels of IL-6 (A), TNF-α (B), and IL-1β (C) in C57BL/6 WT and DAF^−/− mice at various time points after LPS challenge. (D) Northern blot analysis of IL-6 mRNA levels in the spleen, lung, and fat of C57BL/6 WT and DAF^−/− mice. Each lane represents an individual animal. (E) ELISA assays of plasma IL-12p40 levels in C57BL/6 WT and DAF^−/− mice at various time points after LPS challenge. (F) ELISA assays of plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in BALB/c WT and DAF^−/− mice 3 hours after LPS challenge. (G-H) Comparison of plasma IL-6, TNF-α (G), and IL-12p40, IL-12p70 (H) levels in C57BL/6 WT, DAF^−/−, and CD59^−/− mice 3 hours after LPS challenge. (I) Correlation plot of plasma IL-6 and LPS levels in C57BL/6 WT and DAF^−/− mice 3 hours after LPS challenge. N = 4 for each group in panels A-C and E. N = 2 for each group in panel D. N = 4-12 for each group in panels F-I. Values shown are mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .001, Student t test.